United Kingdom · Financial Conduct Authority (FCA — Cryptoasset Register & Financial Promotions Regime PS23/6)
Verified against official HMRC and FCA publications: 2026-11-09
Live CEX Proof-of-Reserves (PoR) On-Chain Audit (DeFiLlama Telemetry)
Live CEX Proof-of-Reserves (PoR) On-Chain Audit (DeFiLlama Telemetry): live on-chain reserve telemetry from DeFiLlama CEX API (84 exchanges monitored) for investors in United Kingdom. Verified Clean TVL: Binance ($123.63B USD), Bitfinex ($14.06B USD), OKX ($27.55B USD), Robinhood ($13.34B USD), and Bybit ($14.33B USD).
Core UK Regulatory & Tax Parameters
| Parameter / Entity | Applicable UK Standard | HMRC / FCA Statutory Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Binance CEX On-Chain Reserves | Verified Clean TVL (DeFiLlama) | $123.63 Billion USD across Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tron & BSC |
| OKX & Bybit Merkle Tree PoR | Verified Clean TVL (DeFiLlama) | OKX: $27.55B USD | Bybit: $14.33B USD (100%+ Reserve Ratio) |
| Proof-of-Reserves (PoR) vs Solvency | Key Accounting Distinction | On-chain assets must exclude native exchange tokens (Clean TVL) and be paired with zk-SNARK liability proofs |
| Foreign Exchange Reporting in United Kingdom | Mandatory Threshold & Form | Self Assessment Tax Return — SA108 (Capital Gains Summary) & SA100 (Miscellaneous Income for Staking/Mining) |
Key HMRC & FCA Statutory Rulings and Compliance Answers
| Operational / Tax Question | Verified HMRC / FCA Position (United Kingdom) | Official Source / Manual |
|---|---|---|
| Which crypto exchanges have the largest verified on-chain reserves today? | Binance ($123.63B), Bitfinex ($14.06B), OKX ($27.55B), Robinhood ($13.34B), and Bybit ($14.33B). | DeFiLlama CEX API Live Feed |
| What is 'Clean TVL' in exchange Proof-of-Reserves? | Total on-chain wallet holdings minus the exchange's own issued token (e.g., BNB, OKB, CRO) to measure hard liquid backing. | DeFiLlama Methodology |
| Does Proof-of-Reserves replace Financial Conduct Authority (FCA — Cryptoasset Register & Financial Promotions Regime PS23/6) deposit insurance in United Kingdom? | No. PoR proves on-chain asset existence, whereas Financial Conduct Authority (FCA — Cryptoasset Register & Financial Promotions Regime PS23/6) supervision governs legal segregation of fiat and custody rights in United Kingdom. | Financial Conduct Authority (FCA — Cryptoasset Register & Financial Promotions Regime PS23/6) |
1. Live CEX Proof-of-Reserves (PoR) On-Chain Audit (DeFiLlama Telemetry) (DeFiLlama CEX PoR — 2026-11-09)
Data synchronized from api.llama.fi/protocols (CEX category) and cross-referenced with United Kingdom reporting obligations (Self Assessment Tax Return — SA108 (Capital Gains Summary) & SA100 (Miscellaneous Income for Staking/Mining)).
| Exchange | Verified Clean TVL (USD) | Audited Chains | Verification & United Kingdom Reporting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Binance | $123.63B USD | Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tron, BSC, Arbitrum | Monthly zk-SNARK Merkle Tree · Self Assessment Tax Return — SA108 (Capital Gains Summary) & SA100 (Miscellaneous Income for Staking/Mining) |
| Bitfinex | $14.06B USD | Bitcoin, Ethereum, Lightning, Liquid | Public cold wallet attestations · Self Assessment Tax Return — SA108 (Capital Gains Summary) & SA100 (Miscellaneous Income for Staking/Mining) |
| OKX | $27.55B USD | Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tron, Arbitrum, Base | Monthly zk-STARK PoR >100% · Self Assessment Tax Return — SA108 (Capital Gains Summary) & SA100 (Miscellaneous Income for Staking/Mining) |
| Robinhood Crypto | $13.34B USD | Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Dogecoin | Audited in SEC 10-Q/10-K filings · Financial Conduct Authority (FCA — Cryptoasset Register & Financial Promotions Regime PS23/6) |
| Bybit | $14.33B USD | Bitcoin, Ethereum, Mantle, Arbitrum, Solana | Hacken Merkle Tree audit · Self Assessment Tax Return — SA108 (Capital Gains Summary) & SA100 (Miscellaneous Income for Staking/Mining) |
| Kraken / Bitvavo / Bitpanda | 100%+ Audited Custody | Bitcoin, Lightning, Ethereum, Solana, L2 | Direct regulatory supervision (Financial Conduct Authority (FCA — Cryptoasset Register & Financial Promotions Regime PS23/6)) |
FAQ — Live CEX Proof-of-Reserves (PoR) On-Chain Audit (DeFiLlama Telemetry)
How do I cryptographically verify that my account balance is included in an exchange's Proof-of-Reserves?
Download your Merkle Leaf ID / Hash from the exchange's audit portal and verify that the root hash matches the published snapshot with non-negative liability constraints via zk-SNARKs.
Does holding funds on an exchange with Proof-of-Reserves exempt me from filing Self Assessment Tax Return — SA108 (Capital Gains Summary) & SA100 (Miscellaneous Income for Staking/Mining) in United Kingdom?
No. Holdings on any domestic or foreign exchange must comply with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) reporting rules (Self Assessment Tax Return — SA108 (Capital Gains Summary) & SA100 (Miscellaneous Income for Staking/Mining)).
In-Depth UK Guides & Calculators in This Cluster
Binance Proof-of-Reserves ($123.63B Clean TVL) & United Kingdom ComplianceKraken, Coinbase, Bitvavo & Bitpanda Custody Audit (United Kingdom)OKX ($27.55B) & Bybit ($14.33B) zk-STARK Proof-of-Reserves Analysis
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